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Republican Brotherhood
Republican Brotherhood ((アラビア語:اخوان الجمهوريين)) was a small, but influential religious political party in Sudan. The party was founded in the 1950s, by sufi sheikh Mahmoud Mohamed Taha. The party came into the limelight in 1983, as Taha opposed the implementations of sharia laws by Gaafar Nimeiry. Taha was arrested and executed in 1985. The party continued to exist for a few years, being disbanded sometime after 1989.〔http://www.sudan.net/government/parties.html〕
==History==
The Republican Brotherhood emerged as an outgrowth of the Republican Party with a mission of Muslim religious reform from within an Islamic context. The New Islamic Mission was founded in 1945 to spread the teachings of Mahmud Muhammad Taha. The Brotherhood however refrained from participation in elections, having inherited the Republican Party's historically disdain for the political process.〔 In spite of this the Brotherhood's influence in Sudanese politics grew up until the execution of Taha in 1985, with the party having particularly swelled in the years leading up to 1985, largely due to an influx of students, women, and Muslim intellectuals.
Taha and the Republican Brotherhoods often disagreed with Nimeiri's government over the role of Islamic law and freedom of speech issues. As a result of which Taha spent brief periods in jail during the 1960s and 1970s, whilst the membership of the Republican Brotherhood grew to approximately 1,000 active men and women by 1980. In spite of Brotherhood's traditional aversion to involvement in politics the Brothers launched a major speaking and writing campaign in 1983 against Nimeiri's impositions of the September Laws, which had instituted a strict form of Sharia law in Sudan. The Brotherhood's campaign resulted in the arrest of more than 70 members of the organisation, including 4 Republican Sisters and Taha himself. No charges were brought against the group until the Brotherhood issued a final pamphlet at the end of 1984 demanding that Islamic law be dropped as the only state law in force. Taha was charged with apostasy, convicted, sentenced to death, and then executed on 18 January 1985. Along with Taha's execution, the Republican Brotherhood movement was disbanded. Many of its members still live in exile in Great Britain and the United States.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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